Samsung RT34M Uživatelský manuál stáhnout pdf (Strana 14)

Dushyant Patel Introduction

S.K.P.C.P.E.R., Kherva 2 M .Pharm. Thesis

other medical conditions. These non-epileptic seizures can be hard to differentiate in and

may lead to misdiagnosis.

¾ Epilepsy covers conditions with different etiologies, natural histories and prognoses,

each requiring different management strategies. A full medical diagnosis requires a

definite categorization of seizure and syndrome types

¾ Many people are misdiagnosed, because doctors unfamiliar with the symptoms believe

that their patients have another illness, because they are not adequately trained to

recognize the early symptoms including odd tastes or smells. Approximately 80% have

petit mal seizures which are harder to spot.

¾ According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, if a person has

had two or more seizures they are considered to have epilepsy. There are however

exceptions: seizures caused by fever (febrile seizures), those not due to abnormal

electrical activity in the brain (no epileptic events), and seizures that occur during

pregnancy (eclampsia) are not counted.

1.1.3 PRECIPITANTS:

¾ The diagnosis of epilepsy usually requires that the seizures occur spontaneously.

Nevertheless, certain epilepsy syndromes require particular precipitants or triggers for

seizures to occur. These are termed reflex epilepsy. For example, patients with primary

reading epilepsy have seizures triggered by reading. Photosensitive epilepsy can be

limited to seizures triggered by flashing lights. Other precipitants can trigger an epileptic

seizure in patients who otherwise would be susceptible to spontaneous seizures. For

example, children with childhood absence epilepsy may be susceptible to

hyperventilation. In fact, flashing lights and hyperventilation are activating procedures

used in clinical EEG to help trigger seizures to aid diagnosis.

¾ Finally, other precipitants can facilitate, rather than obligatory trigger, seizures in

susceptible individuals. Emotional stress, sleep deprivation, sleep itself, and febrile

illness are examples of precipitants cited by patients with epilepsy. Notably, the

influence of various precipitants varies with the epilepsy syndrome

1.1.4 SEIZURE TYPES:

¾ Seizure types are organized firstly according to whether the source of the seizure within

the brain is localized (partial or focal onset seizures) or distributed (generalized seizures).

Partial seizures are further divided on the extent to which consciousness is affected. If it

is unaffected, then it is a simple partial seizure; otherwise it is a complex partial

(psychomotor) seizure. A partial seizure may spread within the brain - a process known

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Samsung RT34M Uživatelský manuál Strana 14